Hero's Aeolipile (Aeropile)
by Matt Giwer, © 2005 [Sep]

Heron (Hero) of Alexandria 1st c. BC.
As with his name there are various Greek names given to the device, air ball or air sphere which have given rise to the idea the device looked something like this.

However this is an expensive and wasteful design particularly in making metal spheres. As he was wealthy this may have been the ultimate embodiment of the version he showed off. However it raises many questions as to what he used to lubricate the rotating connections with the sphere. Not only would the sphere be expensive but it is totally unnecessary and causes the spinning to be accelerate more slowly and its top speed to be slower due to steam cooling by the sphere.

If the sphere was considered "necessary" then condensed steam would be spun to the jets and expelled as liquid. Thus this is no quite a purely steam turbine rather steam being used to expel denser water.

Consider the following alternate construction. Think home kitchen pressure cooker.


This is a pot with a lid. (Don't mind the gap in the image.) Note the lid need not seal rather only be heavy enough to stay in place. The heavier the less steam escapes and the more goes to the spinner.

From the top we see the spinning part in place.

Removing the spinner we see a hole in the lid with a simple smooth, raised surface surrounding it. The bottom of the spinner would have a matching depression. The spinner itself would be hollow and the hollow tubes attached. This does not require bearings or lubrication as they are constanting keep apart either be escaping steam or by a layer of condensed water.

And finally the finished device in action.